duty editor

Chefredakteur m

■ Für Inhalt, Grundausrichtung und Weiterentwicklung einer Sendung verantwortlicher Redakteur.

→ CvD

Syn. Chefredaktor m CH

■ Editor having final responsibility for the operations and policies of a publication or broadcast programme, also responsible for developing the format.

→ duty editor

Syn. editor in chief

Chefredakteur m

■ Für Inhalt, Grundausrichtung und Weiterentwicklung einer Sendung verantwortlicher Redakteur.

→ CvD

Syn. Chefredaktor m CH

■ Editor having final responsibility for the operations and policies of a publication or broadcast programme, also responsible for developing the format.

→ duty editor

Syn. editor in chief

CvD m Abk.

■ Für den reibungslosen Ablauf einer TV- bzw. Radio-Sendung verantwortlicher Redakteur.

► Der Chef vom Dienst steuert maßgeblich Inhalt und Form der Sendung. Er fragt auf den Redaktionskonferenzen die Themen ab, wählt die zu bearbeitenden Themen aus und plant den inhaltlichen Ablauf der Sendung. In Abstimmung mit den Teilnehmern der Redaktionskonferenzen entscheidet er über die Reihenfolge und die Länge der Beiträge. Er ist außerdem für die letzte Kontrolle von Texten und Filmen zuständig, die Abnahme.

→ Chefredakteur

Syn. Chef vom Dienst

■ Editor responsible for the correct and smooth running of a specific TV or radio programme.

→ editor-in-chief

CvD m Abk.

■ Für den reibungslosen Ablauf einer TV- bzw. Radio-Sendung verantwortlicher Redakteur.

► Der Chef vom Dienst steuert maßgeblich Inhalt und Form der Sendung. Er fragt auf den Redaktionskonferenzen die Themen ab, wählt die zu bearbeitenden Themen aus und plant den inhaltlichen Ablauf der Sendung. In Abstimmung mit den Teilnehmern der Redaktionskonferenzen entscheidet er über die Reihenfolge und die Länge der Beiträge. Er ist außerdem für die letzte Kontrolle von Texten und Filmen zuständig, die Abnahme.

→ Chefredakteur

Syn. Chef vom Dienst

■ Editor responsible for the correct and smooth running of a specific TV or radio programme.

→ editor-in-chief

1) Компьютерная техника: Embedded Dictionary

2) Медицина: Отделение неотложной помощи (emergency department), exposure day (день экспозиции), effective dose (эффективная доза)

3) Военный термин: EUCOM Directive, Early Deployment, Eastern district, Education Department, Effective Date, European Capability Datum, Evolutionary Development, earliest date, effective dose, efficiency decoration, electronic deception, electronic device, emergency department, emergency destruction, enemy dead, engineering data, engineering department, engineering design, engineering development, engineering duty, estimated data, estimated date, excused from duty, executive directive, experimental data, experimental development, exploratory development, explosive device, extra duty

4) Техника: electrical differential, electrodialysis, electrodynamic, electronic decoy, electronic display, erase digital signal, exhaust damper, expanded display, extra-high-density

5) Математика: обнаружение ошибок (error detection), эмпирическое распределение (empirical distribution)

6) Юридический термин: Enforcement Droid, Extra Description

7) Бухгалтерия: Exposure Draft, проект положения (exposure draft)

8) Биржевой термин: equity deposit

9) Телекоммуникации: Ending Delimiter (LAN)

10) Сокращение: Engineering Dynamics ( Southern) Ltd (UK), Ethyldichloroarsine (Chemical warfare blister agent), Export Declaration, election district, engine drive, Doctor of Engineering, Electron Device, Electronic Dummy, Empirical Distribution

11) Университет: English Department

12) Физиология: Edema, Erectile Dysfunction

13) Фото: линзы из оптического стекла со сверхнизкой дисперсией (напр. в фотообъективах)

14) Электроника: Enterprise Development

15) Вычислительная техника: Enhanced Density, editor, electroluminescent display, end delimiter, extra-high density, End Delimiter (FDDI, Token Ring), сверхвысокая плотность, электролюминисцентный дисплей с излучающим отображением матричного типа

16) Нефть: displacement efficiency, dynamic elasticity modulus of deformation

17) Картография: existence doubtful

18) Банковское дело: без дивиденда (обозначение цены акции; ex dividend)

19) Транспорт: Effective Diameter

20) Воздухоплавание: External Deflector

21) Фирменный знак: Edison Daven

22) Экология: effective dosage

23) Образование: Extremely Disappointing

24) Инвестиции: ex dividend

25) Сетевые технологии: error detection, external device, внешнее устройство, Early Deployment (Cisco)

26) Полимеры: effective doze, endodicyciopentadiene dioxide

27) Химическое оружие: (50) median effective dose, (50) средняя эффективная доза

28) Авиационная медицина: explosive decompression

29) Безопасность: Encryption Device

30) Расширение файла: Erase Display, Editor temporary file (MS C)

31) Нефть и газ: расчётная (оцененная) глубина (сокр. от "estimated depth")

32) Военно-политический термин: Economic dimension

33) Электротехника: economic dispatch, electrical drawing

34) Высокочастотная электроника: electrodeposited

35) ООН: Extreme Democracy

36) Должность: Earnings Difference, Elvis's Doctor, Enterprise Director, Executive Director

37) NYSE. Consolidated Edison, Inc.

1) Компьютерная техника: Embedded Dictionary

2) Медицина: Отделение неотложной помощи (emergency department), exposure day (день экспозиции), effective dose (эффективная доза)

3) Военный термин: EUCOM Directive, Early Deployment, Eastern district, Education Department, Effective Date, European Capability Datum, Evolutionary Development, earliest date, effective dose, efficiency decoration, electronic deception, electronic device, emergency department, emergency destruction, enemy dead, engineering data, engineering department, engineering design, engineering development, engineering duty, estimated data, estimated date, excused from duty, executive directive, experimental data, experimental development, exploratory development, explosive device, extra duty

4) Техника: electrical differential, electrodialysis, electrodynamic, electronic decoy, electronic display, erase digital signal, exhaust damper, expanded display, extra-high-density

5) Математика: обнаружение ошибок (error detection), эмпирическое распределение (empirical distribution)

6) Юридический термин: Enforcement Droid, Extra Description

7) Бухгалтерия: Exposure Draft, проект положения (exposure draft)

8) Биржевой термин: equity deposit

9) Телекоммуникации: Ending Delimiter (LAN)

10) Сокращение: Engineering Dynamics ( Southern) Ltd (UK), Ethyldichloroarsine (Chemical warfare blister agent), Export Declaration, election district, engine drive, Doctor of Engineering, Electron Device, Electronic Dummy, Empirical Distribution

11) Университет: English Department

12) Физиология: Edema, Erectile Dysfunction

13) Фото: линзы из оптического стекла со сверхнизкой дисперсией (напр. в фотообъективах)

14) Электроника: Enterprise Development

15) Вычислительная техника: Enhanced Density, editor, electroluminescent display, end delimiter, extra-high density, End Delimiter (FDDI, Token Ring), сверхвысокая плотность, электролюминисцентный дисплей с излучающим отображением матричного типа

16) Нефть: displacement efficiency, dynamic elasticity modulus of deformation

17) Картография: existence doubtful

18) Банковское дело: без дивиденда (обозначение цены акции; ex dividend)

19) Транспорт: Effective Diameter

20) Воздухоплавание: External Deflector

21) Фирменный знак: Edison Daven

22) Экология: effective dosage

23) Образование: Extremely Disappointing

24) Инвестиции: ex dividend

25) Сетевые технологии: error detection, external device, внешнее устройство, Early Deployment (Cisco)

26) Полимеры: effective doze, endodicyciopentadiene dioxide

27) Химическое оружие: (50) median effective dose, (50) средняя эффективная доза

28) Авиационная медицина: explosive decompression

29) Безопасность: Encryption Device

30) Расширение файла: Erase Display, Editor temporary file (MS C)

31) Нефть и газ: расчётная (оцененная) глубина (сокр. от "estimated depth")

32) Военно-политический термин: Economic dimension

33) Электротехника: economic dispatch, electrical drawing

34) Высокочастотная электроника: electrodeposited

35) ООН: Extreme Democracy

36) Должность: Earnings Difference, Elvis's Doctor, Enterprise Director, Executive Director

37) NYSE. Consolidated Edison, Inc.

1) Компьютерная техника: Embedded Dictionary

2) Медицина: Отделение неотложной помощи (emergency department), exposure day (день экспозиции), effective dose (эффективная доза)

3) Военный термин: EUCOM Directive, Early Deployment, Eastern district, Education Department, Effective Date, European Capability Datum, Evolutionary Development, earliest date, effective dose, efficiency decoration, electronic deception, electronic device, emergency department, emergency destruction, enemy dead, engineering data, engineering department, engineering design, engineering development, engineering duty, estimated data, estimated date, excused from duty, executive directive, experimental data, experimental development, exploratory development, explosive device, extra duty

4) Техника: electrical differential, electrodialysis, electrodynamic, electronic decoy, electronic display, erase digital signal, exhaust damper, expanded display, extra-high-density

5) Математика: обнаружение ошибок (error detection), эмпирическое распределение (empirical distribution)

6) Юридический термин: Enforcement Droid, Extra Description

7) Бухгалтерия: Exposure Draft, проект положения (exposure draft)

8) Биржевой термин: equity deposit

9) Телекоммуникации: Ending Delimiter (LAN)

10) Сокращение: Engineering Dynamics ( Southern) Ltd (UK), Ethyldichloroarsine (Chemical warfare blister agent), Export Declaration, election district, engine drive, Doctor of Engineering, Electron Device, Electronic Dummy, Empirical Distribution

11) Университет: English Department

12) Физиология: Edema, Erectile Dysfunction

13) Фото: линзы из оптического стекла со сверхнизкой дисперсией (напр. в фотообъективах)

14) Электроника: Enterprise Development

15) Вычислительная техника: Enhanced Density, editor, electroluminescent display, end delimiter, extra-high density, End Delimiter (FDDI, Token Ring), сверхвысокая плотность, электролюминисцентный дисплей с излучающим отображением матричного типа

16) Нефть: displacement efficiency, dynamic elasticity modulus of deformation

17) Картография: existence doubtful

18) Банковское дело: без дивиденда (обозначение цены акции; ex dividend)

19) Транспорт: Effective Diameter

20) Воздухоплавание: External Deflector

21) Фирменный знак: Edison Daven

22) Экология: effective dosage

23) Образование: Extremely Disappointing

24) Инвестиции: ex dividend

25) Сетевые технологии: error detection, external device, внешнее устройство, Early Deployment (Cisco)

26) Полимеры: effective doze, endodicyciopentadiene dioxide

27) Химическое оружие: (50) median effective dose, (50) средняя эффективная доза

28) Авиационная медицина: explosive decompression

29) Безопасность: Encryption Device

30) Расширение файла: Erase Display, Editor temporary file (MS C)

31) Нефть и газ: расчётная (оцененная) глубина (сокр. от "estimated depth")

32) Военно-политический термин: Economic dimension

33) Электротехника: economic dispatch, electrical drawing

34) Высокочастотная электроника: electrodeposited

35) ООН: Extreme Democracy

36) Должность: Earnings Difference, Elvis's Doctor, Enterprise Director, Executive Director

37) NYSE. Consolidated Edison, Inc.

night [naɪt]

1 noun

(a) (evening) soir m; (late) nuit f;

∎ at night (evening) le soir; (late) la nuit;

∎ ten o'clock at night dix heures du soir;

∎ all night (long) toute la nuit;

∎ by night de nuit;

∎ during or in the night pendant la nuit;

∎ (on) Tuesday night (evening) mardi soir; (during night) dans la nuit de mardi à mercredi;

∎ last night (evening) hier soir; (during night) cette nuit;

∎ the night before (evening) la veille au soir; (late) la nuit précédente;

∎ far or late into the night jusqu'à une heure avancée de la nuit;

∎ it's weeks since we had a night out ça fait des semaines que nous ne sommes pas sortis le soir;

∎ to work day and night or night and day travailler nuit et jour;

∎ to have a night off avoir une soirée libre;

∎ it's the au pair's night off c'est la soirée libre de la jeune fille au pair;

∎ to have a late night se coucher tard;

∎ too many late nights can be bad for you se coucher tard trop souvent peut nuire à la santé;

∎ this has been going on night after night cela s'est prolongé des nuits durant;

∎ what you need is a good night's sleep ce qu'il vous faut, c'est une bonne nuit de sommeil ou de repos;

∎ I had a bad night j'ai passé une mauvaise nuit, j'ai mal dormi;

∎ History the night of the long knives la nuit des longs couteaux;

∎ the night is young la nuit n'est pas très avancée, humorous on a toute la nuit devant nous

(b) (evening's entertainment) soirée f;

∎ to have a night out sortir;

∎ that was a great night last night on a passé une super soirée hier;

∎ Tuesday's our poker night le mardi, c'est notre soirée poker, le mardi soir, nous faisons un poker;

∎ to make a night of it faire la fête toute la nuit

(c) (darkness) obscurité f; figurative ténèbres fpl;

∎ as night was falling alors que la nuit tombait;

∎ night falls early il fait nuit tôt, la nuit tombe tôt;

∎ dark night of the soul période f de désespoir profond;

∎ literary to go forth into the night s'en aller dans les ténèbres ou dans l'obscurité

(d) Theatre soirée f;

∎ gala night soirée f de gala;

∎ poetry night soirée f poésie

2 compound-forming noun

(duty, flight, train, boat, sky) de nuit

3 nights adverb

de nuit;

∎ how can you sleep nights not knowing where he is? comment arrives-tu à dormir sans même savoir où il est?;

∎ to work nights travailler de nuit;

∎ I'm on nights next week je suis de nuit la semaine prochaine;

∎ American to lie awake nights ne pas dormir la nuit

►► night bird Ornithology oiseau m nocturne ou de nuit; figurative (person) noctambule mf, oiseau m de nuit;

night blindness (UNCOUNT) héméralopie f;

night clerk (in hotel) réceptionniste mf de nuit;

American night crawler = gros ver de terre;

Banking night depository coffre(-fort) m de nuit;

night driving conduite f de nuit;

night editor rédacteur(trice) m,f de nuit (dans un journal);

Military & Aviation night fighter chasseur m de nuit;

Ornithology night heron (héron m) bihoreau m;

American night letter télégramme m (à tarif réduit, livré le lendemain matin);

night manager directeur(trice) m,f de nuit;

night nurse infirmier(ère) m,f de nuit;

night nursery chambre f d'enfants;

familiar night owl couche-tard mf inv, oiseau m de nuit;

night porter portier(ère) m,f de nuit;

Finance night rate tarif m de nuit;

Banking night safe coffre(-fort) m de nuit;

night school cours mpl du soir;

∎ to go to night school suivre des cours du soir;

∎ British at or American in night school aux cours du soir;

night shift (work force) équipe f de nuit; (period of duty) poste m de nuit;

∎ to be on the night shift être de nuit;

night soil fumier m (d'excréments humains);

night storage heater radiateur m à accumulation;

American night table table f de chevet;

night vision vision f nocturne;

∎ to have good/bad night vision avoir une bonne/mauvaise vision nocturne;

night watch (period, guards) garde f de nuit; Nautical quart m de nuit;

night watchman veilleur m de nuit;

night work travail m de nuit

✾ Film 'The Night of the Hunter' Laughton 'La Nuit du chasseur'

✾ Paint 'The Night Watch' Rembrandt 'La Ronde de nuit'

stamp [stæmp]

1 noun

(a) (on letter, document) timbre m;

∎ (postage) stamp timbre m, timbre-poste m;

∎ fiscal or revenue stamp timbre m fiscal;

∎ UNESCO stamps timbres mpl de l'Unesco;

∎ television (licence) stamp timbre m pour la redevance;

∎ British (national insurance) stamp cotisation f de sécurité sociale

(b) (device for marking → rubber) tampon m, timbre m; (→ for metal) poinçon m; (→ for leather) fer m;

∎ signature stamp griffe f

(c) (mark, impression → in passport, library book etc) cachet m, tampon m; (→ on metal) poinçon m; (→ on leather) motif m; (→ on antique) estampille f; (postmark) cachet m (d'oblitération de la poste);

∎ he has an Israeli stamp in his passport il a un tampon de la douane israélienne sur son passeport;

∎ silversmith's stamp poinçon m d'orfèvre;

∎ figurative stamp of approval approbation f, aval m

(d) (distinctive trait) marque f, empreinte f;

∎ a work which bears the stamp of genius une œuvre qui porte l'empreinte du génie;

∎ his story had the stamp of authenticity son histoire semblait authentique;

∎ poverty has left its stamp on him la pauvreté a laissé son empreinte sur lui ou l'a marqué de son sceau;

∎ their faces bore the stamp of despair le désespoir se lisait sur leur visage

(e) (type, ilk, class) genre m, pejorative acabit m; (calibre) trempe f;

∎ we need more teachers of his stamp nous avons besoin de plus d'enseignants de sa trempe;

∎ of the old stamp (servant, worker) comme on n'en fait plus; (doctor, disciplinarian) de la vieille école

(f) (noise → of boots) bruit m (de bottes); (→ of audience) trépignement m;

∎ "no!" he cried with an angry stamp of his foot "non!", cria-t-il en tapant rageusement du pied

2 compound-forming noun

(collection) de timbres, de timbres-poste

3 transitive verb

(a) (envelope, letter) timbrer, affranchir

(b) (mark → document) tamponner;

∎ he stamped the firm's name on each document il a tamponné le nom de la société sur chaque document;

∎ incoming mail is stamped with the date received la date de réception est tamponnée sur le courrier qui arrive;

∎ the machine stamps the time on your ticket la machine marque ou poinçonne l'heure sur votre ticket;

∎ it's stamped "fragile" c'est marqué "fragile"

(c) (imprint → leather, metal) estamper;

∎ the belt has a stamped design la ceinture porte un motif estampé;

∎ a design is stamped on the butter un dessin est imprimé dans le beurre

(d) (affect, mark → society, person) marquer;

∎ as editor she stamped her personality on the magazine comme rédactrice en chef, elle a marqué la revue du sceau de sa personnalité

(e) (characterise, brand) étiqueter;

∎ recent events have stamped the president as indecisive le président a été taxé d'indécision au vu des derniers événements;

∎ her actions stamped her as a pacifist in the eyes of the public son comportement lui a valu une réputation de pacifiste

(f) (foot)

∎ she stamped her foot in anger furieuse, elle tapa du pied;

∎ the audience were stamping their feet and booing la salle trépignait et sifflait;

∎ they were stamping their feet to keep warm ils sautillaient sur place pour se réchauffer;

∎ he stamped the snow off his boots il a tapé du pied pour enlever la neige de ses bottes

4 intransitive verb

(a) (in one place → person) taper du pied; (→ audience) trépigner; (→ horse) piaffer

(b) (walk)

∎ to stamp in/out (noisily) entrer/sortir bruyamment; (angrily) entrer/sortir en colère;

∎ he stamped up the stairs il monta l'escalier d'un pas lourd;

∎ they were stamping about or around to keep warm ils sautillaient sur place pour se réchauffer

►► American History the Stamp Act le Stamp Act;

stamp album album m de timbres-poste;

stamp book (of postage stamps) carnet m de timbres ou de timbres-poste; (for trading stamps) carnet m pour coller les vignettes-épargne;

∎ I got the toaster for ten stamp books j'ai eu le grille-pain avec dix carnets de vignettes;

stamp collecting philatélie f;

stamp collector collectionneur(euse) m,f de timbres ou de timbres-poste, philatéliste mf;

Law stamp duty droit m de timbre, timbre m fiscal;

stamp hinge charnière f;

stamp machine distributeur m automatique de timbres-poste

➲ stamp down separable transitive verb

(loose earth, snow) tasser avec les pieds; (peg) enfoncer du pied

➲ stamp on inseparable transitive verb

(a) (step on → cockroach, worm) écraser (avec le talon);

∎ I stamped on his fingers je lui ai marché sur les doigts;

∎ he stamped on the rotten plank and it broke il a tapé du pied sur la planche pourrie et elle s'est cassée

(b) figurative (rebellion) écraser; (dissent, protest) étouffer; (proposal) repousser

➲ stamp out separable transitive verb

(a) (fire) éteindre avec les pieds ou en piétinant

(b) (end → disease, crime, corruption, abuse) éradiquer; (→ strike, movement, rebellion) réprimer; (→ dissent, protest) étouffer

(c) (hole) découper (à l'emporte-pièce); (medal) frapper; (pattern) estamper

ⓘ THE STAMP ACT Il s'agit de l'impôt britannique auquel furent soumises les colonies américaines à partir de 1765. Portant sur un certain nombre de publications, dont les actes juridiques et les journaux, il doit son nom au timbre justifiant de son acquittement. Premier impôt direct levé par la Couronne, il souleva une violente opposition chez les colons, qui obtinrent sa suppression un an plus tard.

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity

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Crookes entered the Royal College of Chemistry at the age of 15, and from 1850 to 1854 held the appointment of Assistant at the college. In 1854 he became Superintendent of the Meteorological Department at the Radcliffe Observatory in Oxford. He moved to a post at the College of Science in Chester the following year. Soon after this he inherited a large fortune and set up his own private laboratory in London. There he studied the nature of electrical discharges in gases at low pressure and discovered the dark space (later named after him) that surrounds the negative electrode, or cathode. He also established that the rays produced in the process (subsequently shown by J.J.Thompson to be a stream of electrons) not only travelled in straight lines, but were also capable of producing heat and/or light upon impact with suitable anode materials. Using a variety of new methods to investigate these "cathode" rays, he applied them to the spectral analysis of compounds of selenium and, as a result, in 1861 he discovered the element thallium, finally establishing its atomic weight in 1873. Following his discovery of thallium, he became involved in two main lines of research: the properties of rarified gases, and the investigation of the elements of the "rare earths". It was also during these experiments that he discovered the principle of the Crookes radiometer, a device in which light is converted into rotational motion and which used to be found frequently in the shop windows of English opticians. Also among the fruits of this work were the Crookes tubes and the development of spectacle lenses with differential ranges of radiational absorption. In the 1870s he became interested in spiritualism and acquired a reputation for his studies of psychic phenomena, but at the turn of the century he returned to traditional scientific investigations. In 1892 he wrote about the possibility of wireless telegraphy. His work in the field of radioactivity led to the invention of the spinthariscope, an early type of detector of alpha particles. In 1900 he undertook investigations into uranium which led to the study of scintillation, an important tool in the study of radioactivity.

While the theoretical basis of his work has not stood the test of time, his material discoveries, observations and investigations of new facts formed a basis on which others such as J.J. Thomson were to develop subatomic theory. His later involvement in the investigation of spiritualism led to much criticism, but could be justified on the basis of a belief in the duty to investigate all phenomena.

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KF / MG